vector control following a disaster

Describe a plan for vector control following a disaster. Why is vector control necessary?

Environmental change is contributing to a general disaster that is disrupting the quality of life. These disasters are resulting in stress in individuals, and in most cases, the disasters are weakening the health status of the general population. In many circumstances, people are forced to be crowded in unsanitary conditions, and these conditions may contribute to airborne pandemic outbreaks. Leading to the outbreak of epidemic diseases, for example, the current global pandemic Coronavirus (Killeen et al., 2017). Although many natural disasters occur daily and planning for a vector control following a disaster is one of the ways in helping to stop the spread.

For the public health specialists and vector control specialists, the management of vector requires a comprehensive plan involving the management of health relief and responsibility. Predisaster planning, which consists of the committees involved in the formulation and planning of the contingency plans, are consulted in planning for the control of the vector disease. A disaster emergency team that is responsible for maintaining a state of emergency for a natural disaster will take charge of the disaster (Killeen et al., 2017). Including representatives from the national government and private institutions who are dealing with the normal problems that occur during disasters. The vector committee in health is responsible for informing the community concerning the status and distribution of the vector-borne diseases which are endemic to the country as well as other regions located around the specific location of the endemic.

The committee will continually update the environmental behavior of the vector populations, and at the location of individuals, insecticides and application equipment will be necessary for use. The committee will implement emergency vector control and its operations (Killeen et al., 2017). For instance, in areas where there is a natural disaster of malaria outbreak. The situated committee for vector control will use spatial repellents in controlling the vector from affecting the entire space that is occupied by humans as a host, and this will also enhance the reduction of encounters between the host and the vector.

Why is vector control necessary

Vector control is essential for enhancing environmental management. This is a change that prevents the propagation of vector and human contact through destroying and removing non-essential containers and features that are providing larval habitats. Such actions are provided for environmental modification. This is a long-lasting physical transformation enhanced in reducing larval vector habitats such as installing piped water to the community (Killeen et al., 2017). Vector control is also necessary at the time of disaster by improving the water supply and storage systems. Improving water supply is a creative procedure in controlling the spread of Aedes vectors. Water piped in the houses is preferably used compared to water drawing from a well and other types of drainage systems. However, it is essential to supply potable water during vector control so that the containers and drum serving as water pots are not used because they are enhancing the incubation of the larvae.

What do the terms system capacity and emergency preparedness competency mean? How are they similar? How are they different?

System capacity is used in public health in responding to an event that is exceeding daily resources. Participants may be grouped in an emergency management system for public health. For example, the concept of system capacity may be formed in a belief of adequacy and flexibility from where the resources can be allocated in the time of need, including the establishment of a network that allows sharing of resources from the neighboring communities and areas (Veenema et al., 2016). System capacity also involves the creation of stockpiles for reserved vaccines and antibiotics for use in circumstances of bioterrorism incidents, which may progress the development of the system capacity.

For public health, emergency preparedness competency refers to the organizational members who are having the required combination of information, abilities and are skillful in performing their assigned duties effectively and efficiently for the benefit of the organization at a time of a natural disaster or an emergency. The United States Center for Disease Control and prevention are using some principles in establishing the emergency and preparedness for all public workers to meet. And this includes describing the role of public health at times of crisis and how they are responding to the crisis in enhancing the safety of communities’ health standards (Veenema et al., 2016). Emergency preparedness competency also aims at describing the chain of command when responding to an emergency, and the situated team is also required to identify and locate their plans for response. This is demonstrated by correctly using all types of communication channels provided in the role of identifying individual roles in an emergency.

System capacity and emergency preparedness competency are seemingly similar when responding to an emergency or a disaster. Public health capacity systems and emergency preparedness are having related systems such as capabilities in responding and preparing for a disaster, communication services, surveillance, laboratory services, and finally, policy regulations that are geared toward controlling the vector outbreak. In both laboratory services are essential in identifying the organism and environmental factors that are affecting the population’s health (Veenema et al., 2016). Since not all the health agencies, both local and private agencies, don’t have a laboratory. In this case, the system capacity and competency team will develop a comprehensive plan with other laboratories around the community or outside to ensure there is a flow of services available to the affected population.

However, system capacity and emergency preparedness competency might differ, as capacities are representing the resources, policies, and techniques used in organizing the personnel in a public health system. Much of emergency preparedness competency involves public health institutions on a day to day basis for planning, training, and acquiring the supplies which are intended in building the capacity for any emergency. Capacities are also necessary for reflecting the variations on individuals in a given population.

Describe two provisions from the ANA Code of Ethics that may conflict when a nurse is asked to quarantine a patient.

Provision 1 from the American Nursing Association code of ethics states that a nurse should practice professionally with care and respect for maintaining dignity and patient personal traits without biasness. Respecting the dignity of humans by Self- Determination rights needs the rights of a particular patient to be recognized, particularly Self-Determination right (Olson & Stokes, 2016). Morally and legally, the patients have the right to decide on the kind of care they want for themselves. This includes complete and accurate information given that is also understandable in a way that enables an informative decision in assisting the benefits of weighing the burdens. And the availability of options for their treatment with no treatment choice, acceptance, refusal or termination of therapy with no deceptions, unjustified influence, pressure or biasness; to be provided with essential support in making decisions and in the process of treatment. The support may include the chances of making good decisions with their family and other important people, obtaining advice from expatriate nurses and the professionals of health.

This code may conflict when a nurse is asked to isolate a patient because the acceptance and significance of considering decisions regarding patient status are involved with a life-sustaining therapy. At quarantine, nurses provide patients with assistance regarding the decision of their condition, which is recognized by forgoing medically initiated nutrition and hydration in advanced symptom management (Olson & Stokes, 2016). This provision also gives nurses accordance with promoting advanced care planning during isolation of a patient by limiting the advanced directives of the stated isolation reason as directed in the provisions.

Provision 5 from the American Nurses Association code of ethics which explains how nurses owe the same duties to self and others, this includes the responsibility of promoting health and safety that preserves the full character and honesty in maintaining competence and continued personal growth. This code conflicts when a nurse is asked to quarantine a patient because nurses are at the center of promoting personal health and safety for patients in isolation rooms (Olson & Stokes, 2016). Nurses are also required to intervene and evaluate the health status of patients, and they also have a duty of taking care of themselves. In quarantine facilities, patients might be suffering from an endemic that is spreading very first, hence the code conflicts the nursing profession because they also have rights to self-protection. Nurses should emphasize on the same health model as maintained and promoted during patient care when asked. They should also avoid involving themselves with unnecessary risks that concern health.

Utilizing Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, discuss the concerns of a public health nurse immediately following a large scale natural disaster. Discuss at least four main concerns regarding physiological needs, and two concerns each for safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

Abraham Maslow identified a hierarchy of needs, where his theory of what is motivating human satisfaction is mostly presented as a pyramid with common physiological needs, safety and security, and progressive social contact with other individuals. This is based on the set of basic needs that are used in motivating human satisfaction. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is applied in a hospital setting as a way of supporting healthcare institutions to deliver service at the time of crisis outbreak (Stewart, Nodoushani, & Stumpf,2018). With this Hierarchy, public health nurses are concerned following an outbreak of a natural disaster. Their actions are expressed based on the hierarchy order where physiological need which lies at the bottom of the pyramid supports nurses concerns. These basic requirements nurses are giving to patients at the time of an outbreak, including physical survival such as nourishing food, water, and air. These are essential in maintaining patients’ immunity and life. At the base of the pyramid shows the patient experience in the time of need, and with the service delivery of nurses will help to curb the margin scale for the disaster.

Patient safety and security is also a concern in facilitating public health nurses at the time of an outbreak. This is a key patient priority as it shows the statistics of deaths that occur due to medical errors at the time of disasters. Public health nurses get overwhelmed with work, contributing to increased medical errors at the time of a natural disaster. In promoting patient safety and care, public health nurses should be employed to reduce the number of deaths regarding medication errors (Stewart, Nodoushani, & Stumpf,2018). Training more professional nurses will also help to reduce the number of deaths regarding the medical error. Finally, a healthcare facility must improve steps concerning patient impression by setting a quality patient care experience at the time of disaster. Public health nurses need to access patient safety and risk management experience that will facilitate in protecting the patient from behavioral needs.

References

Killeen, G. F., Masalu, J. P., Chinula, D., Fotakis, E. A., Kavishe, D. R., Malone, D., & Okumu, F. (2017). Control of malaria vector mosquitoes by insecticide-treated combinations of window screens and eave baffles. Emerging infectious diseases, 23(5), 782.

Olson, L. L., & Stokes, F. (2016). The ANA code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements: Resource for nursing regulation. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 7(2), 9-20.

Stewart, C., Nodoushani, O., & Stumpf, J. (2018, July). Cultivating Employees Using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. In Competition Forum (Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 67-75). American Society for Competitiveness.

Veenema, T. G., Griffin, A., Gable, A. R., MacIntyre, L., Simons, R. N., Couig, M. P., … & Larson, E. (2016). Nurses as leaders in disaster preparedness and response—a call to action. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(2), 187-200.

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