Use of Aid and Aid Policies by Donors

Introduction

Various donors through the use of Non-Governmental Organizations assists countries that face disaster include an outbreak of disease, floods or hunger. Developing countries are mostly referred to face such risks as they lack resources to mitigate the effects of the disasters. The donors may be either individual, organization or a country. While giving their donors to the organization, such donors provide policies that must be followed or what they want their money to be spent on. Most of the donors consider funding for budget support and development capacity to the developing nations. The article reviews the use of aid donated by the donors and the organization which include in disaster management and how the donors use the aid policies.

Promote Sanitation

In today’s world, a population of 1.8 billion people use contaminated water for drinking while 2.4 billion people do not live in proper sanitation. The public healthy has majorly been affected by the lack of clean water, hygiene and sanitation which threatens the health and development in developing countries. Various donors have offered aid to improve the governance of the water and sanitation to countries facing the emergency of poor sanitation. Lack of sanitation has been accompanied by the spread of diseases such as cholera. NGOs have collaborated with the governments of the nations suffering from such conditions. The aid has been in different forms including funding for day-to-day services that ensures the installation of water pipes are done correctly, regulate the use of water to avoid misusage which may result in a water shortage. Additionally, the aid ensures the sanitation systems are maintained including water points or sewerage points as well as funding for fault repairs to control wastage of water or spilling of sewage which may be dangerous to human life. Furthermore the aid funds for renewal and development including the sinking of boreholes, construction of dams as well as providing tanks to the households. For the renewal, the aid sponsors replacement of worn-out parts in both the sewage system and water pumping system (Lerebours, 2016, p. 47)

Encouraging Development

Various aid is provided to improve development mostly in developing countries. Such aid can be in different modalities such as project and budget support. The budget support funds are grouped in aid instruments such as poverty-reduction and growth facilities (PRGFs) and poverty reduction support credits (PRSCs) in budget support. The government set a budget with the aim of achieving public finance management. The donors are more interested in the quality of the budget of the country issuing aid (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2004, p. 23)

The donors donate through projects such as capacity building assistance which include the development of infrastructure including roads as well as technical co-operation which include sharing of sharing and transfer of knowledge, skills and experiences between the developing government and the donor country. Technical practices will including the donors funding practices such as opening training institutes as well as training the country health practitioners on the improved methods for medication. In this regard, project development are also regarded to support public finance management systems (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2004, p. 51)

Provide Medication

Donor nations or organizations provide aid to support medical mostly to developing countries or places that have occurred a disaster. The aid may be informed of providing medication to the affected areas. The medication aid assists in providing public health teams which are deployed to access an area at health risk access the residents needs as well as advising on the measures that should be taken to control the risks including vaccinations and training to the residents on how to prevent the risks from occurring. Additionally, the aid acts in funding for medical evacuation in places where disaster including earthquakes or fire has occurred. During the evacuations, an emergency medical team is deployed to provide direct medication to the victims. For instance, Spain, Italy and Belgium have such medical teams that are sent to countries where the disaster has occurred to provide treatment to the patients. Furthermore, the aid funds for coordination experts and medical assessment that assist in supporting the processes that have been put in place by the affected countries or relevant NGO agency in the affected part. For instance WHO organized a training having support from the European Commission’s Civil Protection and Humanitarian Operation in the Year 2016 and 2017 and continued to 2019 (European Commision, 2018, p. 2)

Improving Agriculture

Foreign aid donors have directed their contribution to agriculture mostly in developing countries to reduce poverty. The aid has been issued in different such as developing agricultural-based institutions for providing training to farmers and those willing to engage in farming. The training entails teaching them on the best crops for the provided climate as well as the best and environmentally friendly pest control measures. From the training in the institution, it will result in increased food production. Additionally, the donors’ funds programs that promote the agricultural growth which include the construction of dams that will be used for irrigation, providing the best planting seeds to the farmers during rainy season as well as offering farming machines to the farmers to assist them in planting their crops. Furthermore, aid is also used in re-focusing on a wider range of policy reforms issues and liberal economies. Moreover, the donor’s funds or develops research institutions that review the best crops to go along with the climate of the specific. In this regard, it will assist the farmers in focusing on the crops that can adapt the climate condition thus resulting in the increase of agricultural income as well as reducing poverty in low-income nations. According to (Kaya & Kaya, 2017)studies indicate that over 50% of the agricultural research investment positive returns was from economic returns of foreign assistance to agriculture (Kaya & Kaya, 2017, p. 7).

Rebuilding Livelihoods

Various donors provide aids to communities or nations where crisis including tribal clashes has occurred. The aid may focus on rebuilding sustainable policies and livelihood systems that will be essential for crisis and reduce another conflict occurrence as well as reducing the risks accompanied by the conflicts. Through the building of livelihoods, the agencies providing the aid ensures development liv3elihoods including assets, capabilities and activities that will bring means of living to the residents of the affected area. Apart from focusing on the employment and income of the residents, the donors consider ways in which the people will be able to access healthcare, food, education, security and proper sanitation including clean water. Through economic development the aid assists in creating jobs by setting community projects, coordinating with the government in developing infrastructure that will boost trade and create job opportunities, developing markets by setting development services to the targeted self-employment groups which include offering of training that will enhance employment, and strengthening the existing enterprises by establishing microfinance that will support the individuals innovative by enhancing saving, providing start-up grants, micro-insurance as well as forming initiatives and providing capital to allow them engage in business. Additionally, the aid builds capital assets to the residents which include providing knowledge to them in the form of training on performing various duties including construction skills that will bring income to the residents. Furthermore, the agencies ensure the balance of the regions which at some times in-balance may bring about conflicts. The balance of the region includes setting markets, job opportunities to different places to enhance equality. (United Nations Development Programme, 2013, p. 51)

Tapping Natural Resources

How Do Donors Use Their Aid Policies

Climate Change

Donors contribute funds to the NGOs giving climate change among their priorities that the organization must engage in. Climate change continues to destroy the universe resulting in negative effects including global warning and, droughts or flood. In this regard, developing countries it’s hard for them to respond to such climatic hazards in this case different donors have planned to fund an organization that will assist the nations in dealing with the hazards of climate change including droughts as well as setting mitigations that will assist in controlling the climatic change. Through providing aid to such nations, the cost of mitigation measures will reduce and assist the country in adopting the climate-related threats. France as a donor has increased its financing to climate change mitigation strategies by US$ 2.3 billion and it sets to increase $1.7 billion per year. France aims to dedicate the contribution to African countries to encourage them on turning to renewable sources that will assist in controlling the climate change caused by dirty energy sources (Donor Tracker, 2019, p. 7).

Education

France has set a policy to provide donors to NGOs which give education as their priority. The president of the nation has co-hosted the Global Partnership Education (GPE) intending to contribute to the aid of education and raised a total of US$2.3 billion where $260 million of contribution was for France. The contribution was to fund basic education through the French Development Agency. The nation is said to be the biggest donor impacting the development of education through aid. The nation is said to be the 10th-largest contributor to the GPE in supporting education. However many, donors who could be supporting education are said to shift their donations from education to other sectors including budget support. the donors are said to prefer such sectors as they are easy to be monitored on their accountability, administrative capacity and performance (Nin o-Zarazua, 2016, p. 5).

Global health

Donors have come up to provide the health policy and mostly in low-income and developing nations. The resources for supporting such nations come from donors. The health policy has been considered to be supported by numerous donors through each donor is said to contribute little aid towards the health programs. The health policy has been supported by donors including the World Bank, Global Fund to AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), and also grants from Bill Medical Gates Foundation (BMGF). The global involves immunization of patients against diseases polio and measles as well as tetanus. The donors’ promises to contribute to the policy of enabling global health but others contribute a little money. In research on global health contribution and find out that 56% of the health projects key words were from HPHS activities, 21% of all projects included one research keyword thus classified as HPSR projects. The donors are said to reduce as in the year 2000-2014 the contribution totalled to more than $246 billion where 16% of the total money went to health policy. In this regard, different donors’ actions are said to impact the policies as there is high occurrence of shifting to different policies as many of the donors in the current time they consider funding support or capacity development as it is easily monitored compared to health sectors (Grépin, Pinkstaff, Shroff, & Ghaffar, 2017, p. 3).

Innovative Financing

This a policy that involves new ways of creating funding sources, by using different mechanism including budget outlays from a known traditional international financial institution or private donors. Additionally, they are ways that enhance the efficient flow of finance thus reducing costs and time. In this regard, some donors issue aid to NGOs with the policy of them to perform innovative funding to communities, nations or continent. The donors may choose the innovative financing as a policy as the developing nations require it in maximizing their use of them and for development purposes. The donors performing the policy are said to impact the developing nations compared to the year between 2003 -2003 where a variety of aid was not featured to the innovative funding. From the year 2017, the donors on the innovative financing are said to increase thus allowing banks to lend and fund vital parts of their loan through the money markets and capital. In this regard, countries are enjoying an increase in sustained investment. However, up to the year 2008, the increase in the investment come to a halt and impacted the innovative financing. In this regard, the people stopped depending on the donors and depended on the traditional official development for funding through bonds. The traditional official development include the World Bank (Grépin, Pinkstaff, Shroff, & Ghaffar, 2017, p. 3)

International Stability

Donors have given out funds to bring stability to the countries suffering from tribal wars. nations such as Iraq, Afghanistan and Somalia have been destabilized for a long time due to wars. In this regard, the governments have been struggling to bring back the governance, basic services as well as reconciliation. However, the government uses the military to restore the peace of which it is impossible. Aid through NGOs is considered to bring recovery of security, economic transition, social development, and political interventions. The reconstruction of infrastructure destroyed by the wars as well as delivering humanitarian relief will assist in restoring the political stability of the country. NGOs including NWFP and FATA are said to provide relief to the cleared areas from the wars. The UK as a donor country has never its plans relating to the Pakistan war which impacts the stabilization of the nation. Furthermore, the shift of focus from the suffering nations through wars has resulted in questions as what is the government strategy towards the war (Humanitarian Policy Group, 2009, p. 3).

Gender Equality

Achieving gender equality worldwide requires financial support to enable women to empowerment. This is through providing investment owned by women to close the gender gap. Official Development Assistance (ODA) has been among the donors funding to ensure women’s empowerment. The Development assistant committee (DAC) recommended that donors should adopt a twin-track approach that ensures a better approach to gender equality in their nation as well as combining gender mainstreaming programs. Although the contribution for gender equality is said to increase from the DAC it is only a little percentage that ids directed to gender equality and women’s empowerment. The low division to the women sectors indicates that donors including the DAC have failed to implement twin-track strategy and they supposed to increase its support by setting programs that utilize the gender equality and women empowerment as their principal objective. Netherlands and Sweden as donor countries contributed 20% of their aid to the schemes targeting women and girls empowerment. Netherlands is said to impact the women empowerment project as it registered to be the largest donor to the project with USD 91 million followed by Sweden and Norway who has USD 38million each. The developing nations set only USD 38nillion per year which is directed to women initiative to improve them get involved in investment by obtaining capital from the initiatives. The support to the women has been seen as essential has it indicates women as key drivers to legal and policy change in addressing gender equality (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2018, pp. 3-5).

Conclusion

Donors issues their aid with specified plans for the use of the funds thus the organization needs to consider the donor’s demands. Various Non-profit organization are said to provide aid mostly to the developing nations in case of risks. Through the donors developing has indicated an improvement in both the infrastructure and economically as such organization provides training to the residents on making living as well supporting them financially to start their own business through grants and forming initiatives. Additionally, the institution is said to reduce the mortality rate as they provide strategies for the prevention of deadly diseases. They provide immunization as well as funding of epidemic diseases including HIV/AIDS. Moreover, the donors impact the implementation of their policies as various donors may pledge to provide an amount of money towards a project and fail to contribute. Furthermore, such donors positively impact their projects by continuous funding of the policies annually.

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