Systolic and diastolic Bp, with the two BP measurement, the systolic has a high markable increase than the diastolic hence his reading indicate that there is reduced elasticity in the arterial system due to increased lipid levels in Mr Cowens body.
Prehypertension stage 1HTN is whereby the systolic reading is usually 120mmHg-139mmHg or the 80mmHg-89mmHg. While stage 2 the systolic is at least 160/100mmHg.Primary HTN often is associated with lack of exercise and obesity and as well as unfortunate eating habit. It usually doesn’t have a clear known cause. Secondary HTN is a condition that in some case, is caused by an identified disease like kidney failure, heart problem. According to the patient, we can say that he has primary HTN and therefore, will classify him as stage 2 because the reading was above 160.
Question the nurse will ask him to be able to determine if a patient has possible symptoms of HTN will include, do you experiencing fatigue of any kind? Do you feel and general body weakness? Are you by any case feeling dizzy? Are you kind of nervousness. Do you have an occipital headache?
Mr Cowen’s risk factor that is modifiable include obesity, physical inactivity, high salt diet, intake of alcohol and cigarettes smoking.
The nurse will respond to the patient by informing him that his cholesterol levels are above the normal range, which should not exceed 200mg/dl. He has a figure above 240mg/dl; hence the level is above the borderline, which is 200- 239mg/dl. So, in summary, his cholesterol levels are high and need to be worked on to lower them.
The benefits of monotherapy to treatment HTN will include a high likelihood of patient compliance since it’s a simple one drug daily Regimen. They are reducing the possibility of adverse effects, unlike when using drug combinations.
Common side effects that’ should be monitored include feeling weak, tired, restless or light headache. There will be fast or even heartbeat and loss of appetite. You will experience Dry mouth, thirsty nausea and vomiting. Will be required to take medicine as soon as one remembers if forgot.
Discontinuing the medication would lead to high blood pressure, heart problem and an increase in water and potential from the underlying hypertensive condition. Therefore, advice does not discontinue using it irrespective of the side effects.
Teaching plan will consist of a daily exercise as well as a weight-reduction program that will help in the blood circulating. Reduce the amount of both salt and fat intake to clean blood vessels.
The will be a risk in decreased cardiac output or cardiac failure, acute headache and activity intolerance. Imbalanced nutrition and knowledge deficit and also ineffective coping
The least compliant is lunch and can be replaced by well-cooked vegetables, non-fat yoghurt and a well prepared low sodium canned tuna
Question 1
The additional data will be one she smokes or lives with a smoker, is the cough productive or non-productive .at what time do you experience the congestion mostly in the morning or at night?
The causes of acute bronchitis will include bacterial infection, viruses that cause illness like cold and other lung condition like Asthma. The symptoms will consist of feeling cold quickly and having running nose, wheezing back and muscle aches.
The pathophysiology, when acute bronchitis arises, the cells of the muscle membrane become hyperemic and diminishing bronchial. Mucociliary function consequently, the air passages become dogged by debris and irritation increases. In response, copious secretion of mucus develops, which causes the characteristic cough of bronchitis.
The pathophysiology of pneumonia occurs when there is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluids or prudent material, causing cough with phlegm or pus. Fever chills and DIB. A variety of organisms will include bacterial, viruses and fungi are known to cause PNA. The causes of PNA will include bacterial such as strep pneumonia and staph Aurous. Virus-like influenza A and B, Adenovirus. Fungal like aspergilla species and Cryptococcus species.
Community-acquired PNA occurs in the community or within 72 hours of hospitalization and can be typical or atypical. Hospital-acquired will include ventilated patients who will, in most cases, develop sputum.
The risks for developing PNA will consist of having a chronic condition like Asthma, smoking, being at the extreme age and immunosuppression
A filtrate refers to the white spots in the lungs that signify that there is an infection. It also helps to rule out other complications of pneumonia such as pleural effusion and abscessed
Pathophysiology of PTN, the tubercles bacilli establish the disease of the lungs after they are carried in droplets and small enough (5 to 1omicrons) to reach the alveolar spaces. Clinical manifestation will include cough, excessive night sweats, chest pains and tightness, Anorexia.
Precautions in handling will enable one to ensure the room is well ventilated and should be isolated. The nurse should put on masks to reduce the chances of contacting
She should assess the device if it is working well or not. If it’s broken, they will provide a new one. If it is functioning well, then it means that her lungs function is altered since the ball does not go up as expected. She should also offer adequate education on how to use and interpret the reading.
WBC increased it shows there is an active infection. Seg Neutrophil indicates that there is an active infection; hence neutrophils are being used faster, or they are producing their own. The left shift shows if there is an infection or inflammation present since there is a high number of young and mature WBCs. BNP 50g to diagnose heart failure quickly
The readings can be described as follows: PH is within the normal range, PCO2 is normal, HCO2 IS normal, PaO2 is lower than the normal, SaO2 is low. Since the PH is normal, there is no compensation. We can say the patient is not hypoxemic since the saturation of oxygen is more than 90%.
Erythromycin should be substituted with another drug since the patient is allergic to it and is at risk of getting Anaphylactic shock.
To ensure adequate oxygen getting into the lungs and heart and other parts of the body since it has compromised oxygen intake remarkably. Ceftriaxone to clear the infection in the lungs cavity, and Albuterol to open the breathing passages and relax muscle hence treat wheezing and SOB. Acetaminophen to relieve pain and fever. And also have bed rest to avoid strains activities which will execrate symptoms like an SOB and F1800 calorie diet food to rich in protein will be beneficial.
Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant hence if consumed, and there will be mucus build-up since it’s not being cleared though cough hence predisposing the patient to further infection.
The HCP will opt for a face mask to help in administering the oxygen, which will increase the high oxygen concentration. The nasal cannula can also be used.
Priority will include impaired gas exchange and also check on the breathing pattern. Should also look at the hyperthermia.
How to prevent PNA was your hands regularly and get enough exercise. Pleasant and enough sleep, staying away from people and avoiding or being exposed to a smoker
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