Same-Sex Marriage
This is the practice of matrimony amid two individual of the same sex i.e. man and man as well as woman and woman. Even though same-sex matrimonies have been controlled through acts, religion and cultural beliefs in most of the states across the world, the social and the legal reactions are ranging from criminalization to celebration. Some philosophers, most remarkably the Yale historian and Professor have claimed that ‘the same-sex marriage unions were identified by the Roman Catholic Church during medieval Europe, though people have disagreed with these allegations.’ Intellectuals, as well as the public, in general, have become highly interested in the matter especially towards the end of the 20th century to date. This is the period when behaviours on homosexuality and regulations controlling homosexual characteristics were liberalized, especially in Western Europe and the US (Baunach 365). Therefore, same-sex marriage, in as much as it is not widely accepted in the world; people who fascinate it should be allowed to enjoy their rights without being criticized, and those who do not fancy it should not condemn them since it is a free world.
The matter of same-sex matrimony usually ignites political and emotional clashes amid the opposers and the supporters. In the early 21st century, many jurisdictions had made same-sex marriage to be legal. In certain jurisdictions, the constitutional procedures were implemented to stop same-sex marriages from being approved into law. Laws were also passed that that declined to acknowledge such marriages. In 1993, the Hawaii supreme court hears an instance that the plaintiffs asserted that the country refused to give out marriage permits to same-sex marriage couples abrogated those people’s liberties to the same treatment as per the law. The country, in turn, claimed that it had a convincing fascination in stopping same-sex marriage as the practice would intrinsically damage the public good. The court found for the petitioners rooting its claims on the regulation’s absence of a clear description of who should and should not participate in such unions (Baunach 368). Immediately after this verdict, the legislators of Hawaii included such description to the national constitution and, therefore, made giving of marriage permits to same-sex couples debatable.
In the USA, the query of if same-sex marriage should be recognized has been in politics from 1993. After the Hawaii incidence, most of the citizens of America were of the opinion that the Hawaii decision signified a solemn risk to social steadiness. In 1996, the USA Congress endorsed the Defense of Marriage Act known as DOMA. This ruling stated that ‘same-sex matrimony would not be acknowledged for federal reasons, like the honour of social security advantages usually awarded to a surviving partner or the hiring advantages for spouses of the federal workforce.’(Baunach 372). The law also reaffirmed the current acts by issuing that no United States of American territory was supposed to acknowledge matrimonies from somewhere else when it had tough guidelines to the contrary.
In a span of 10-year federal act enactment, almost all the states in the US had enacted the laws or constitutional amendments declaring that marriage was lawfully described as a heterosexual body and that and that same-sex matrimony from other nations would not be accepted since they were contrary to the public policies of the state. However, certain states moved to recognized same-sex marriage. In 1999, The Vermont Supreme Court declared stated publicly that same-sex marriages were entitled under the state law to the same lawful rights as to the marriage of heterosexual partners. Immediately afterwards the state parliament passed into law civil unions that granted all the rights and accountability of marriage but not name.
In 2003, California passed the same law, terming the relationships as domestic partnerships. The Supreme Court of Massachusetts decreed that ‘the declination of marriage permit to same-sex matrimonies infringed the state laws; the courts issued the country a period of half a year in order to conform to its order so as to remedy the circumstance.’ (Baunach 378) The state immediately started issuing out marriage permits for the same-sex marriages, though these were hurriedly opposed and their lawful status over a long period remained tentative. In smaller jurisdiction, particularly San Francisco joined the argument at the beginning of 2004 by giving marriage licenses in defiance of local bans. These permits were later on found to be illogical. Consequently, many other states as well as Washington, D. C., moreover created same-sex civil marriages or implemented jurisdiction broad guidelines that gave some partnership rights to same-sex marriage partners.
In 2008, the supreme courts of California and Connecticut laid down acts restricting matrimony to the partnership between a woman and a man. Later on, in the same year, the Californian voters passed a referendum that described matrimony as a union between a male and a female. Consequently, it was ruled in 2010 August that ‘the ban of same-sex partnership infringed the due procedure as well as the same protection clause.’ (Olson 342) Even though the supporters of the referendum hurriedly decided to challenge the verdict, it was sustained by a federal petitions court in 2012.
In 2009, the supreme court of Iowa overturned an act that prohibited gay matrimony and immediately afterwards the parliaments of Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire made gay matrimony legal. In 2009, the voters of Maine repealed the act. In 2011, New York and Washington D.C. passed a similar act. In 2012, laws permitting gay marriages were enacted by the parliamentarians in the states of Washington and Maryland. Consequent petitions to the acts made their execution contingent on the outcome of the referenda, concurrently reversed its prior verdict, the three states were among the first in the nation to endorse same-sex partnership via balloting.
Widely mirroring the societal advantage rhetoric, most American Legal professionals and gay marriage supporters created claims that ‘same protection clause of the US constitution warranted the basic rights to marry. Contradicting arguments widely mirrored the procreative side and regularly invoked biblical or religious doctrines to sustain assertions that matrimony, sternly describes, should be accessible just to the heterosexual marriages.’ (Olson 351)Supporters of either opinion cited different and contradictory sociological studies in the protection of their assertions. In the start of the 21st century, a great majority of the US populace resisted same-sex partnership but by 2010, approximately half of the populace was in support of its validation.
In 2012, a public discussion on the matter carried on. President Barrack Obama endorsed the civil unions for gay partners, and become the first sitting president to be in support of this kind of union. ‘In 2013 and 2014, the federal government judges in many states overruled states prohibition of same-sex marriage except for two states that sustained their ban. Some states also briefly carried out same-sex matrimony before the suspension.’ (Olson 360) The USA attorney General, Eric Holder declared that those unions would be acknowledged by the central government and in 2014, the Department of Justice guideline to award equal protection and treatment to all legal marriages in the US. The Supreme Court, later on, refused to appraise petitions of the central court decisions in five states that successfully made gay marriages lawful in those jurisdictions. As an indirect effect, same-sex marriages were immediately signed into law by the United States district courts in many states. Many states legalized gay marriage by the end of 2014. That was twice as many as at the beginning of that same year.
Finally, at the beginning of 2015, the Supreme Court allowed the reviewing of the 2014 verdict of the court of Appeals and sustained state regulations and constitutional modifications prohibiting same-sex marriages or the acknowledgement of gay marriages carried out in other jurisdictions. Eventually, in June that year, the courts overturned both the sixth Circuit’s holdings, thus making same-sex marriages a lawful act in all the 50 states of America.
All in all, same-sex marriage is a problem that has hit the world. Unlike America and other states who have accepted it, most nations in the world are not for this opinion. They perceive it to be an ill practice. They also worry about how these kinds of couples procreate to expand their families. Therefore, it is the pleasure of everyone to have a union with whoever they want regardless of sex and age. People should embrace this fact and live by it since we live in a free world where people should respect other people’s opinions and space.
References
Baunach, Dawn Michelle. “Changing same-sex marriage attitudes in America from 1988 through 2010.” Public Opinion Quarterly 76.2 (2014): 364-378.
Olson, Laura R., Wendy Cadge, and James T. Harrison. “Religion and public opinion about same‐sex marriage.” Social Science Quarterly 87.2 (2016): 340-360.
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