Criminal Justice
The early history of the police force was characterized by a simple system, meant to guide citizens in maintaining law and order merely. Mainly, policing before the 17th century was significantly the individual citizens’ role rather than an informal law enforcement structure. For many centuries, the police force was based on a loosely controlled system, which focused on morals and societal structures to govern it (Rawlings 31-51). The dawn of the 1800s saw the need for a more structured system due to a wide array of reasons. The most significant reasons were the sudden population increase, which was accompanied by a hike in the rates of crime. This necessitated a new system to be formulated quickly to combat the rapidly increasing rates of insecurity. A particular increase in civil unrest, fatal rioting, and demonstrations became the order of the day. It was soon quite clear that there was the need for the formulation of a reliable and respectable law enforcement structure that would be a representation of governmental enforcement of law and order.
Modern policing was propagated by sociologists and philosophers who were in the new fields of justice and criminology at the time. In 1829, Robert Peel, a parliamentarian, formed the Metropolitan police force in London (Rawlings 1). This was the first significant move towards achieving contemporary policing; hence, he is the pioneer of modern policing (Rawlings 110). It was understandable that this concept was met with a lot of backlashes. Primarily, the citizens felt as though the police force would be another branch of the military, working with the same cruel and inhumane, brutal policies. However, Peel formed police codes of conduct that ensured a great diversity between the work ethics of the two bodies. The American modern policing system, borrowed heavily from these codes, creating institutions of learning for the police force, and structuring the police force into the vital part of the criminology system, that it is today.
One of the significant criminology theories that were conceptualized to gain public trust was the self-control theory (Hay & Forrest 774-793). The police force was expected to be rational when dealing with suspects and criminals, without letting their issues or opinions get in the way of this. The goals of the modern-day criminal justice system call for the massive reduction of police brutality, which has, unfortunately, increased significantly in the last fifty decades. Despite the existence of this theory, therefore, it is clear that there is still a considerable gap in achieving a system that treats citizens humanely. The sad reality is that the justice system has been structured to intentionally discourage prosecution of the police, hence further cementing their inclination to brutality. Statistics show that most police brutality cases are not reported since the masses find it intimidating to report misconduct in the very offices that the injustices were cultivated (Skolnick & Fyfe 198-205). The reasons for these include the blue code of silence, which is an unofficial code that ensures that police officers keep silent on crimes committed by their colleagues.
The goals of elimination of police brutality and the silencing of police crimes are yet to be achieved. However, the continual use of social media platforms to bring these issues to light is proving essential. It will be a necessary part of the evolution of the self-control theory. As the plight of citizens towards self-controlled police officers is furthered, there will be more deliberate and conscious efforts towards punishing brutal police officers, hence ensuring that there is a more controlled and rational police force.
Works Cited
Hay, Carter, and Walter Forrest. “The development of self‐control: Examining self‐control theory’s stability thesis.” Criminology 44.4 (2006): 739-774.
Rawlings, Philip. Policing: A short history. Routledge, 2012.
Skolnick, Jerome H., and James J. Fyfe. Above the Law: Police and the excessive use of force. New York: Free Press, 1993.
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