Animal experimentation should be banned
Introduction
Animal testing has raised different opinions within the United States and around the world for decades. It is estimated that, in the USA, about twenty-six million animal species are used yearly for commercial and scientific experiments (Brune 131). The animals are exploited for medical purposes to determine the safety or toxicity of various medicines intended for human consumption. Animal researches are also involved in commercial sectors to assess the safety of products projected for people’s ingestion; thus, such experiments always focus on benefiting human beings irrespective of the impact imposed on animals.
Advocates of animal experimentation believe that the process has allowed the establishment of various life-saving medications for both the animals and people. Therefore, since there are no alternative approaches for testing an entire living organism, animal researches need to continue with a set of stringent rules that prevent animal mistreatment in the labs (Brune 133). However, the opposers of animal testing believe that the act is inhumane and cruel, and thus, the need for substitute methodologies to conduct the researches. Additionally, opponents to animal researches claim that, even though successful testing benefits human beings, the suffering, pain, and even death of the species is more critical; hence, the need to protect animal rights. This paper conducts an in-depth evaluation of the animal experimentation issue and its prevalence across the globe. The report shows how animal testing deteriorates the animal species; therefore, depicting the need to ban animal experimentation for the safety of all animal creatures.
Discussion
Protection of animal rights
Support
Animal testing violates the creatures’ well-being as well as their right to live freely. According to Baldelli et al. (24), animal species have an essential need for respectful handling, just like human beings. Thus, animals should be cared for and never be lowered to ‘tools’ useful for scientific and other commercial researches. Animals and humans are similar in numerous ways as they can both feel and experience pain, think, as well as behave; hence, they should be respectfully treated just like people care for other persons. Therefore, conducting research tests on the creatures violates their rights since they are never offered a choice not to partake in the experiment, but to submit to the human suppression.
Animals are exposed to researches, which is typically painful or lead to deaths or permanent damages, and these actions tend to be oppressive and inhumane. Murthy (251) claim that animal testing is ethically wrong even when the supporters of the act believe that they can impose rules to prevent animal mistreatment. In animal experiments, they do not freely offer themselves for tests and new technologies that enhance the human well-fare; instead, the verdict is often established for them since the animals cannot express their choices and preferences. When individuals choose the animals’ fate in experimental environments, the rights of the animals are dishonored without regarding the animals’ life quality or well-being. Thus, animal testing should be banned as it disrespects the animals’ rights.
Opposition
Supporters of animal researches believe that the act is acceptable as animal creatures are lower species compared to people; hence, they have no privileges. The advocates argue that there are no animal rights because animals cannot acknowledge and perceptively embrace their rights. However, animal researches in cosmetic testing and medical research cannot be accepted on the concept that animal species are lower creatures on the evolution chart than people because animals are similar to human beings in several ways. Most animals, particularly the species within the advanced mammalian classes, have internal organs and systems that are similar to the human features and function in the same way as the internal organs of human beings. Animals also have desires, thoughts, needs, goals, and feelings similar to the people’s capabilities and functionality, and thus, the need to respect animals and not to exploit them for selfish human gains. According to Paul (13), animals’ live need to be valued just like people’s life. Thus, animal experimentation needs to be expelled as their lives matter; hence, the need for animal respect and dignified treatment.
Protection from suffering and pain
Support
The probable human gains from successful researches are not worth the misery and agony subjected to experimental creatures. Senior (221) defined animal discomfort as a negative emotion, and sensory experience thought to occur from a particular body section and is linked with potential or actual tissue damage. Animals experience pain in various ways, just like people do feel agony. Thus, using animals for lab researches or toxicity testing exposes them extremely painful as well as deadly experiments, which indicates the violation of animal safety. Tests such as the LD50 and Draize experiments impose intense suffering and pain to the research animals Paul (11), and thus, need to be evaded for the animal well-being. The Draize study involves placing the experimental substance in the animal’s eyes; such a test has various adverse impacts on the animal, such as scarring, blindness, and even death (Brune 134).
The LD50 trial, on the other hand, is applied in assessing the substance’s dosage capable of causing death. The experimental species are hooked up and made to ingest massive test product amounts until the animal perishes. The trial is excruciating as death takes several days to occur, and thus, illustrating the need to safeguard animals from such tests as they are unreliable and waste the animals’ lives (Murthy 251). Additionally, the experimental creatures also experience things like internal bleeding, paralysis, convulsion, diarrhea, and vomiting, and t the suffering extends to their death (Senior 225). Therefore, to prevent animals suffering, unbearable pain, as well as death caused by cosmetic and scientific trials, animal experiments need to be eradicated to avoid massive animal life wastage.
Opposition
Proponents of animal researching claim that animal experimentation is justifiable since animals are observed as sacrificial beings to make substances harmless for people’s consumption and use. The reasoning is majorly based on the self-centered human approach, which focusses on human beings’ comfort and overlooks the animals’ life quality, safety, and well-being (Murthy 251). Experimental creatures are practically tormented to death, with the intent of making people’s lives happier and comfortable without caring for the animal’s feelings. Therefore, exploiting and torturing animals should never be justified by the idea that the process makes human beings contented in life, as animals do have organs like those of humans. Therefore, the value placed on people’s lives needs to be projected to the animal’s lives by banning animal testing.
Use of alternative experimental subjects
support
Product trials on animal species are pointless due to the presence of viable substitutes for conducting the process. A majority of the cosmetic corporations have identified more refined means to assess their substances rather than exploiting animal creatures. For instance, a famous bath-product and cosmetic corporation in London known as The Body Shop ventured into the production of materials that employ the exploitation of natural ingredients such as Basil nut oil and bananas (Senior 223). The company developed a safe product for people’s application rather than involving animal testing processes for confirmation. Additionally, the Draize trial has been eliminated by the adoption of a new testing process, which consists of the use of an artificial cellular tissue, which closely resembles people’s skin organ (Paul 7).
Another potential substitute to the Draize experiment involves the use of a substance referred to ad Eyetex, which is a synthetic product that function similar to the way an actual human eye reacts when exposed to possibly harmful products (Baldelli et al. 24). The material becomes opaque once damaged by the test substance, and thus, has helped save animals from painful and potentially dangerous Draize tests. Computer knowledge can also be implemented in the simulation and estimation of the possible harm that a chemical or product can cause, followed by using some human cells and tissues in examining the harmful substances’ impact. Therefore, due to the presence of effective approaches for product or substance testing, animal trials should be expelled.
Opposition
Advocates of animal experimentation activities argue that there are no satisfactory substitutes for testing products on a whole-body living system. They claim that animals and human beings are very complex organisms. Therefore, practices such as in-vitro testing in tubes and Petri dishes do not offer enough chances to examine the interrelated processes like those happening within the organism’s immune system, central nervous system, and endocrine system (Brune 135). Proponents believe that drug evaluation for adverse impacts necessitates the need for a circulatory process that conveys the product to various body parts. The reasoning focusses on people’s comfort rather than assessing the effects on the animal’s well being as well. With the current technological advancements, substitutes such as Eyetex and other artificial materials can be implemented for trials rather than subjecting animals to potentially toxic tests.
Conclusion
Animal experimentation should be eliminated since it violates the rights of animals. The trials cause misery and unbearable pain, as well as death to the trial subjects. Therefore, human beings need to stop justifying the inhumane act of animal testing by claiming that the procedure makes people’s lives better as the process leads to animal torture and unnecessary loss of animal lives. Animal creatures need to respected and treated with dignity, as well as safeguarded from violation of animal rights since, just like humans, animals do have organs and feelings too.
Works cited
Baldelli, I., Massaro, A., Penco, S., Bassi, A. M., Patuzzo, S., & Ciliberti, R. “Conscientious objection to animal experimentation in Italian universities.” Animals 7.3 (2017): 24. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/7/3/24
Brune, Kay. “Animal experimentation in sciences: sadistic nonsense or indispensable necessity?.” ALTEX-Alternatives to animal experimentation 19.3 (2012): 130-136. https://www.altex.org/index.php/altex/article/view/1094
Murthy, K. R. “Animal experimentation and research in India.” Journal of postgraduate medicine 46.4 (2010): 251. http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2000;volume=46;issue=4;spage=251;epage=2;aulast=Murthy
Paul, Ellen Frankel. “Why animal experimentation matters.” Society 39.6 (2012): 7-15. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12115-002-1000-x
Senior, Kathryn. “Defending the use of animals to research the human disease.” Molecular medicine today, 1.5 (2015): 220-225. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1357431095914757
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